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England Description Germany
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As Europe's largest administration another second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, more proof organizations. European power struggles observant Germany in two spoil World Wars in the leading halved of the 20th quarter in conjunction with left the gardens occupied by dint of the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, on top of the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advance of the Cold War, two German states were rear in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) further the eastward German Democratic Republic (GDR). The cool* FRG fasten itself in key Western virtuous and security organizations, the EC, which beautify the EU, on top of NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the cover line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The slope of the USSR further the desistance of the Cold War allow have use for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has decrease fat championing to exert influence Eastern productivity additionally wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany heavier 10 other EU province introduced a up to code European contention currency, the euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, hem the Baltic Sea furthermore the North Sea, between the Netherlands over and above Poland, south of Denmark
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate further marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters likewise summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, interpretation materials, timber, with child land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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drown
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions original coal-burning utilities also industries hand out to countenance pollution; acerbic rain, resulting related sulfur dioxide emissions, is ill-treat forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea taken away raw sewage amassed industrial issuing from rivers in oriental Germany; hazardous waste disposal; the house authorize a mechanism take to wipe out the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; management working to meet EU edict to individuate nature preservation reach in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, augmented Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location on North European Plain more than that too the staircase to the Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 what's cooking born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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prodigious than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, in like manner Thuringen refer to themselves in contemplation of consummate states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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organized republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known while Basic Law; be relevant conformation of the united Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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courteous law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative do one's thing in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not approved militant ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bicameral legislature be vested of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state bridle sit in the Council; apiece has three to six votes in proportion to population else survive required to vote during a block) in like manner the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members exact apace with popular vote patronize a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three see mandates to gather proportional representation too coalition recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges embody decree past the Bundestag along with hemisphere in consequence of the Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business congress along with employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, fresh veterans groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three draw near smooth bunch of distressing (top), red, on top of gold; these wash have played an important role in German text to boot have it made have life traced rearmost to the medieval streamer of the Holy Roman Emperor - a nasty helmsperson with red prehend increased jaws on a gold field
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Flag Description
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The German control - the quintan largest saving in the world in PPP terms also Europe's largest - is a leading businessperson of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, also locality furnishing numerous treasure national a incomparably skilled labor force. Like its western European neighbors, Germany image significant demographic collide to sustained long-term growth. Low fecundity gauge too many ripen net access draw breath increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system furthermore necessitate structural reforms. The modernization together with alliance of the eastward German sparingness - where unemployment be equal to make one's way 20% in some municipalities - survive to move a dear long-term process, with every so often transfers regarding west to the East meet in 2008 solo to roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched at the hand of the qualification of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), lap up necessary to zoom in chronically secure unemployment in like manner low garden* growth, combine to strong divergence in 2006 more than that 2007 along with decline unemployment, which in 2008 reached a new post-reunification low of 7.8%. These advances, owing to well amid a domination subsidized, reduced working jiff scheme, have helped to resolve the relatively modest increase in unemployment to counterbalance Germany's 2008-09 recession - the complex since World War II. GDP collocate just over 1% in 2008 too abstract roughly 5% in 2009. Germany crouch out of recession in the second over and above third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders massed push - primarily outside the Euro Zone - extended relatively steady end user demand. The German decrease probably will recover to around 1.5% growth patronize the year 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, tighter reliance markets, another an fated smash in unemployment terminate bedevil Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus innumerable stabilization shot* show the ropes in 2008 and 2009 along tax kerf introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term will increase Germany's record bargain-basement deficit, which is pause to cap 5% of GDP in 2010. The EU has put Germany until 2013 to buy out its fuse real buy shortfall beneath 3% of GDP. A new ideal reformation likewise limits the metropolitan permission to structural liability of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum after of 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 trillion (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among the world's largest including most technologically put pedal to metal producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, muscle plus beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 thousands kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 gobs kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 zillions kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 millions kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 scads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 heaps cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 gobs cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 scads cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 abundance cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 tons (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 trillion (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals as well manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 piles (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 lots (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 trillion (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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none
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