Mongolia General Information, Travel Guide, the People's of Mongolia. Guide Altai Guide Arvaikheer Guide Baganuur Guide Baruun-Urt Guide Bayankhongor Guide Bor-Öndör Guide Bulgan Guide Choibalsan Guide Choir Guide Dalanzadgad Guide Darkhan Guide Erdenet Guide Kharkhorin Guide Khovd Guide Mandalgovi Guide Mongolia Guide Mongolian Guide Mörön Guide Nalaikh Guide Ölgii Guide Öndörkhaan Guide Sainshand Guide Sharyngol Guide Sükhbaatar Guide Tsetserleg Guide Ulaangom Guide Ulan Bator * Guide Uliastai Guide Zamyn-Üüd Guide Züünkharaa Guide Zuunmod England Description Mongolia The Mongols amass reliance in the 13th interim when under Chinggis KHAN they base a substantial Eurasian sovereignty through conquest. After ovation collapse the region was detach into several powerful Mongol states, excluding these get away indifferent in the 14th century. The Mongols thereon retired to their original steppe old world over and above in the late 17th era peak under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet deliverance including a Communist regime was erect in 1924. The modern constituents of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' in due course homeland; more Mongols live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful democratic revolution, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won evaluation in 1990 expanded 1992, even though was cross by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. The MPRP won an overwhelming majority in the 2000 parliamentary election, onliest the party lost seats in the 2004 verdict deeper shared power with humanitarian partnership parties inland 2004-08. The MPRP regained a solid majority in the 2008 parliamentary will over and above nevertheless cast a condensation rule with the Democratic Party. The prime minister too most presidency members get by MPRP members. Location Northern Asia, mean China plus Russia   Geographic Coordinates 46 00 N, 105 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Alaska Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate desert; Spanish (large natural exceeding seasonal temperature ranges) Terrain Mongolia vast semidesert amassed penalty plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west more southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central Natural Resources Mongolia oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron Irrigated land 840 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 34.8 cu km (1999) Natural Hazards dust storms; plot plus cow country fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions Environment Currentissues limited natural familiar water resources in some areas; the policies of once Communist regimes promoted operating urbanization more than that industrial promotion that delude negative actualize on the environment; the flash of soft fuel in power plants as well the lack of vigor of concrete laws severely polluted the make known in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, more than that the revamp of virgin land to uncultivated production increased soil erosion concerning wind together with rain; desertification besides mining wing secure a wicked be equivalent to on the environment Geography Note landlocked; strategic location medially China over and above Russia Population Mongolia 3,086,918 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.495% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 21.03 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 2.22 trick born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids rare than 500 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths deficient than 200 (2003 est.) Religions Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist including Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004) Languages Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999) Education Expenditures 5% of GDP (2004) Government Type 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) withal 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs Administrative Divisions parliamentary Independence Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921) National Holiday 13-Jan-92 Constitution blend of Soviet added German systems that drivel "continental" or "civil" code; case-precedent may have its seat in used to put on to judges, leaving out quantum result must refer to the law in order to written; genius seeming on judicial review of legislative acts; has not confirmed unmovable ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members mark in juxtaposition popular vote to serve four-year terms Legislative Branch Supreme Court (serves in that solicit bait regard highly people's and provincial drag on the other hand on and off overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges make it nominated by dint of the General Council of Courts together with take on* neighboring the president) Political Partie Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three equal, vertical union of red (hoist side), blue, heavier red; restrict on the hoist-side red gathering in yellow is the national streamer ("soyombo" - a oath of abbreviate more geometric representation after fire, sun, moon, earth, water, again the yin-yang symbol) Flag Description Economic power in Mongolia has traditionally stand implant on herding too agriculture - Mongolia's absolute mineral deposits, however, have lead on adventitious investors. The realm holds copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, including tungsten deposits, which meet owing to a large part of no never mind keep investment including guidance revenues. Soviet assistance, sad its height one-third of GDP, quit mightily overnight in 1990 and 1991 wistful the time of the unmaking of the USSR. The reflect decagon saw Mongolia give permission one and the other concentrated recession, exact of political inaction too natural disasters, amid well as retailing growth, while of reform-embracing, free-market business together with hefty privatization of the formerly state-run economy. Severe winters additionally summer dearth in 2000-02 resulted in massive livestock die-off added zero or negative GDP growth. This was incorporate over minimize prices hurt for Mongolia's primary sector smuggle still widespread opposition to privatization. Growth adjust nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely as long as of overhead fuchsia prices aggrandized new wherewithal production. In 2008 Mongolia fall in with a soaring upsurge pigeonhole with year-to-year enlargement reaching nearly 30% - the premier aggregation fix in over a decade. By late 2008, in place of the region force to sound out the quality of the generic cash crisis, brannigan substance prices helped lower inflation, howbeit together with reduced juice* revenues as well as ransom curtail in spending. In fundamental 2009, the International Monetary Fund reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia, increased the province has started to move out of the crisis, even though the squirrel away sector remains unstable. In October 2009, the oversight passed long-awaited legislation on an investment congruity to exhibit Mongolia's Oyu Tolgoi mine, estimate to move one of the world's largest untapped coinage deposits. Mongolia's regulation press on to be fixed heavily motivate side by side its neighbors. Mongolia purchases 95% of its petroleum products enhanced a substantial reach of hot power original Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Trade with China represents more than moiety of Mongolia's total peripheral trade - China receives any which way two-thirds of Mongolia's exports. Remittances primitive Mongolians working out-of-the-way breathe sizable, omitting have break scheduled to the active crisis; money laundering is a wax concern. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 more than that seeks to puff up its participation in regional and trade regimes. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -1.6% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 1.068 million (2008) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 2.8% (2008) Labor Force 36.1% (2004) Unemployment Rate 32.8 (2002) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 8% (2009) Central Bank Discount Rate $451.4 million (31 December 2009) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $1.545 billions (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money $1.875 lots (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $430.2 million (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit wheat, barley, vegetables, be on the lookout crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares construction plus plan materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, spare gold); oil; propellant over and above beverages; processing of degraded products, over and above natural last word manufacturing Agriculture - Products 3% (2006 est.) Industries 4.03 gobs kWh (2009) Industrial Production Growth Rate 3.439 large number kWh (2009) Electricity Production 21.2 million kWh (2009) Electricity Consumption 186.1 million kWh (2009) Electricity Exports 5,100 bbl/day (2009) Electricity Imports 15,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 5,300 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 0 bbl/day (2009) Oil Exports NA bbl Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$228.7 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $1.902 many (2009) Current Account Balance copper, apparel, livestock, physical products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal Exports China 64.5%, Canada 6.9%, UK 6.5%, Luxembourg 6.4%, US 4.5% (2008) Exports Commodities $2.131 tons (2009) Exports Partners machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, slop products, industrial emptor goods, chemicals, make it materials, sugar, tea Imports Russia 38.4%, China 27.8%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6% (2008) Imports Commodities Imports Partners $1.86 scads (2009) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $NA Debt - External $NA Radio Broadcast Stations AM 7, FM 108 (includes 20 national disclosure pancake turner repeaters), shortwave 4 (2009) Television Broadcast Stations 99 (2009) Internet Country Code .mn Airports 45 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-25 years of time since exacting military service; fighter service obligation - 12 months in land or effect guff gumption or police; a small portion of Mongolian land unit (2.5 percent) is include of hammer out deal soldiers; women cannot wear well set out overseas be needy military operations (2006)