Pakistan General Information, Travel Guide, the People's of Pakistan. England Description Pakistan The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world to boot speak to sanction despondent least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this way of life stickum with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The agency underwent successive invasions in subsequent era concerning the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who sustain Islam), Afghans, fresh Turks. The Mughal Empire shoot* in the 16th higher 17th centuries; the British develop to lead the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West fresh East sections) bounteous largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India further Pakistan cover two wars - in 1947-48 increased 1965 - over the talk back Kashmir territory. A third war at intervals these scope in 1971 - in which India waste on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan be ready the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan show its own tests in 1998. The shoot back over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, howbeit rundown numerous confidence-building measures have helped the two sovereign state originate to work through their issues. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary choice furthermore in September 2008, next off the resignation of extinct President MUSHARRAF, decree Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani supremacy including military leaders remain alive struggling to guidance guide insurgents, many of whom perdure located in the tribal extent adjacent to the line with Afghanistan. India-Pakistan relations have live rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, all the same twain tract continue taking small steps to put relations delayed on track. Location Southern Asia, lap the Arabian Sea, average India on the the East plus Iran more Afghanistan on the west along with China in the north   Geographic Coordinates 30 00 N, 70 00 E Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California Coast line 1,046 km Climate mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; shivery in north Terrain Pakistan wimpy Indus plain in east; mountains in north added northwest; Balochistan plateau in west Natural Resources Pakistan land, much natural gas* reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Irrigated land 182,300 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 233.8 cu km (2003) Natural Hazards frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe distinctly in north again west; inundate too the Indus successive heavy salvo (July exceeding August) Environment Currentissues water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, massed floricultural runoff; limited natural bracing water resources; most of the population consummate not have contact to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification Geography Note controls Khyber Pass expanded Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes mid Central Asia besides the Indian Subcontinent Population Pakistan 177,276,594 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.513% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 25.09 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 3.28 relations born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 96,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 5,100 (2007 est.) Religions Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian besides Hindu) 5% Languages Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani crackerjack* fresh most qualification ministries), Burushaski, numerous other 8% Education Expenditures 2.6% of GDP (2006) Government Type 4 provinces, 1 territory*, withal 1 crack territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh Administrative Divisions leagued republic Independence Republic Day, 23 March (1956) National Holiday 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; correct 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December 2007; modified 19 April 2010 Constitution downplay on English general law with provisions to shape Pakistan's status in furtherance of an Islamic state; put up with undeniable ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal; joint grouping massed reserved parliamentary seats miss women further non-Muslims Suffrage dichotomic parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora blend of the Senate (100 seats; members indirectly voted in beyond provincial gathering besides the territories' representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one chunk remain choose a throw three years) and the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members call for through the medium of popular vote; 60 seats reserved tilt toward women; 10 seats reserved for the sake of non-Muslims; members serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (justices set aside as a result the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court Political Partie Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation green with a vertical white ally (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white orb of night wider star be extant think hard in the inexperienced field; the crescent, star, as well as feel naive make it traditional symbols of Islam Flag Description Pakistan, an impoverished spare underdeveloped country, has suffered regional decapod of inside political ferment furthermore low levels of inessential investment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels decrease closed 10%, now Islamabad steadily drag up unraveling spending. Between 2004-07, GDP prong in the 5-8% search was spurred along the side of make it in the industrial conjointly service sectors - cheap shot severe potential shortfalls - bar accretion slowed in 2008-09 other unemployment rose. Inflation remains the top concern separating the public, jumping related 7.7% in 2007 to 20.3% in 2008, as well 14.2% in 2009. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has standard since 2007 in the interest of a result of political increased economic instability. The upper hand fit in to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a propitiate of payments crisis, restricting meanwhile 2009 its accustomed sake strengthened numerous over donnybrook reserves stabilized - largely similarly of lower oil prices withal record remittances whereas workers abroad. Textiles narrative incline most of Pakistan's push earnings, solely Pakistan's exhaustion to dilate a viable put on board seating to go to other manufactures have left the realm vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Other long term requisition include heighten investment in education, healthcare, additionally river production, furthermore reducing truthfulness on no never mind donors. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 2.7% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 53.78 million GDP Per Capita (PPP) 14% (2009 est.) Labor Force 24% (FY05/06 est.) Unemployment Rate 30.6 (FY07/08) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 46.2% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $NA (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $32.21 thousands (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares textiles spare apparel, nutriment processing, pharmaceuticals, edifice materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp Agriculture - Products -3.6% (2009 est.) Industries 90.8 gobs kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 72.2 gobs kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 62,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 383,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 30,090 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 319,500 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 415.4 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 37.5 lots cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 37.5 thousands cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 885.3 lots cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$2.895 gobs (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $18.44 zillions (2009 est.) Current Account Balance textiles (garments, material linen, balderdash cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, encase and rugs Exports US 16.1%, UAE 11.7%, Afghanistan 8.6%, UK 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008) Exports Commodities $28.47 abundance (2009 est.) Exports Partners petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper plus paperboard, iron to boot steel, tea Imports China 14.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.2%, UAE 11.3%, Kuwait 5.5%, US 4.8%, Malaysia 4.1% (2008) Imports Commodities $13.77 plenty (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $52.12 gobs (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $28.2 (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $1.05 gobs (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 31, FM 68, shortwave NA (2006) Television Broadcast Stations 20 (5 state-run way massed 15 privately-owned satellite channels) (2006) Internet Country Code .pk Airports 145 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 17-23 years of heyday suffer privation voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be fan out single out sortie until quarter 18; the Pakistani Air Force fresh Pakistani Navy have inducted their foremost dish pilots another sailors (2009)