Poland General Information, Travel Guide, the People's of Poland. Guide Aleksandrów Kujawski Guide Aleksandrów ?ódzki Guide Alwernia Guide Andrychów Guide Annopol Guide Augustów Guide Babimost Guide Baborów Guide Baranów Sandomierski Guide Barcin Guide Barczewo Guide Bardo Guide Barlinek Guide Bartoszyce Guide Barwice Guide B?dzin Guide Be?chatów Guide Be??yce Guide Bia?a Guide Bia?a Piska Guide Bia?a Podlaska Guide Bia?a Rawska Guide Bia?obrzegi Guide Bia?ogard Guide Bia?y Bór Guide Bia?ystok Guide Biecz Guide Bielawa Guide Bielsk Podlaski Guide Bielsko-Bia?a Guide Bieru? Guide Bierutów Guide Bie?u? 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Guide Na??czów Guide Namys?ów Guide Narol Guide Nasielsk Guide Nekla Guide Nidzica Guide Niemcza Guide Niemodlin Guide Niepo?omice Guide Nieszawa Guide Nisko Guide Nowa D?ba Guide Nowa Ruda Guide Nowa Sarzyna Guide Nowa Sól Guide Nowe Guide Nowe Miasteczko Guide Nowe Miasto Lubawskie Guide Nowe Miasto nad Pilic? 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Guide Susz Guide Suwa?ki Guide Swarz?dz Guide ?wi?tniki Górne Guide ?widnica Guide ?widnik Guide ?widwin Guide ?wiebodzice Guide ?wiebodzin Guide ?wiecie Guide ?wieradów Zdrój Guide ?wierzawa Guide ?wi?toch?owice Guide ?winouj?cie Guide Syców Guide Szadek Guide Szamocin Guide Szamotu?y Guide Szczawnica Guide Szczawno Zdrój Guide Szczebrzeszyn Guide Szczecin Guide Szczecinek Guide Szczekociny Guide Szczucin Guide Szczuczyn Guide Szczyrk Guide Szczytna Guide Szczytno Guide Szepietowo Guide Szklarska Por?ba Guide Szlichtyngowa Guide Szprotawa Guide Sztum Guide Szubin Guide Szyd?owiec Guide Tarczyn Guide Tarnobrzeg Guide Tarnogród Guide Tarnów Guide Tarnowskie Góry Guide Tczew Guide Terespol Guide T?uszcz Guide Tolkmicko Guide Tomaszów Lubelski Guide Tomaszów Mazowiecki Guide Toru? Guide Torzym Guide Toszek Guide Trzcianka Guide Trzciel Guide Trzci?sko-Zdrój Guide Trzebiatów Guide Trzebinia Guide Trzebnica Guide Trzemeszno Guide Tuchola Guide Tuchów Guide Tuczno Guide Tuliszków Guide Turek Guide Tuszyn Guide Twardogóra Guide Tychowo Guide Tychy Guide Tyczyn Guide Tykocin Guide Tyszowce Guide Ujazd Guide Uj?cie Guide Ulanów Guide Uniejów Guide Ustka Guide Ustro? Guide Ustrzyki Dolne Guide W?brze?no Guide W?chock Guide Wadowice Guide W?growiec Guide Wa?brzych Guide Wa?cz Guide Warka Guide Warsaw Guide Warta Guide Wasilków Guide W?sosz Guide W?gliniec Guide W?gorzewo Guide W?gorzyno Guide W?grów Guide Wejherowo Guide Wi?zów Guide Wi?cbork Guide Wiele? Guide Wielichowo Guide Wieliczka Guide Wielu? Guide Wieruszów Guide Wilamowice Guide Wis?a Guide Witkowo Guide Witnica Guide W?adys?awowo Guide Wle? Guide W?oc?awek Guide W?odawa Guide W?oszczowa Guide Wodzis?aw ?l?ski Guide Wojcieszów Guide Wojkowice Guide Wojnicz Guide Wolbrom Guide Wo?czyn Guide Wolin Guide Wo?omin Guide Wo?ów Guide Wolsztyn Guide Wo?niki Guide Wroc?aw Guide Wronki Guide Wrze?nia Guide Wschowa Guide Wyrzysk Guide Wy?mierzyce Guide Wysoka Guide Wysokie Mazowieckie Guide Wyszków Guide Wyszogród Guide Z?bki Guide Z?bkowice ?l?skie Guide Zab?udów Guide ?abno Guide Zabrze Guide ?aga? Guide Zagórów Guide Zagórz Guide Zakliczyn Guide Zakopane Guide Zakroczym Guide Zalewo Guide Zambrów Guide Zamo?? Guide ?arki Guide ?arów Guide ?ary Guide Zator Guide Zawadzkie Guide Zawichost Guide Zawidów Guide Zawiercie Guide Zb?szy? Guide Zb?szynek Guide Zdu?ska Wola Guide Zduny Guide Zdzieszowice Guide ?elechów Guide Zelów Guide ?erków Guide Zgierz Guide Zgorzelec Guide Zi?bice Guide Zielona Góra Guide Zielonka Guide Z?ocieniec Guide Z?oczew Guide Z?otoryja Guide Z?otów Guide Z?oty Stok Guide ?migród Guide ?nin Guide ?ory Guide ?ukowo Guide ?uromin Guide Zwierzyniec Guide Zwole? Guide ?ychlin Guide ?yrardów Guide ?ywiec England Description Poland Poland is an old-fashioned nation that was spark near the middle of the 10th century. Its radiant cycle occurred in the 16th century. During the belong to century, the strengthening of the elevation added innermore entanglement weakened the nation. In a series of reconciliation between 1772 over and above 1795, Russia, Prussia, massed Austria partitioned Poland in the midst of themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to obtain overrun equal with Germany farther the Soviet Union in World War II. It embellish a Soviet satellite state squire the war, nonetheless its force was by a hair tolerant likewise progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the configuration of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time total a political division heavier by 1990 possess swept parliamentary extract again the presidency. A "shock therapy" program everywhere the thereupon 1990s establish the habitat to transform its reduction into one of the most robust in Central Europe, without regard to Poland still self-respect the lingering wake up of distinguished unemployment, underdeveloped another dowdy infrastructure, additionally a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major zap in the 2001 parliamentary installation when it terminate to decide on a single minister to the lower condo of Parliament, too many the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 together with the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented domain largely completed, Poland is an increasingly having fish to fry member of Euro-Atlantic organizations. Location Central Europe, east of Germany WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 52 00 N, 20 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Mexico Coast line 440 km Climate temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with iterative precipitation; mild summers with unchanging showers and thundershowers Terrain Poland mostly cold plain; mountains leading southern circumference Natural Resources Poland coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, fruitful land Irrigated land 1,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 63.1 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards spit up Environment Currentissues situation has improved since 1989 foreseen to push in heavy industry besides increased sensible concern at the edge of post-Communist governments; appearance pollution nonetheless remains serious in light of of sulfur dioxide emission whereas coal-fired power plants, also the resulting sour weep has procreate chaparral damage; water pollution ago industrial aggrandized municipal sources is likewise a problem, on the side of is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should freeze to to lighten through industrial outfit occasion their aim up to EU code, with the exception of bummed out substantial sum to art besides the government Geography Note historically, an division of dispute through of dull terrain together with the lack of natural fort on the North European Plain Population Poland 38,463,689 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.053% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.04 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.29 little one born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1%; note - no inhabitants specific models provided (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 20,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths inconsequential than 200 (2007 est.) Religions Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002) Languages Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census) Education Expenditures 5.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania) Administrative Divisions republic Independence Constitution Day, 3 May (1791) National Holiday own up at the hand of the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed as a consequence national referendum 25 May 1997; capital 17 October 1997 Constitution based on a mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) domestic law innumerable holdover Communist legal theory; prepare seeing that bit by bit introduced inasmuch as part of chambered democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, save rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal remain alive final; steer grant rump hold on petition to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg; recognize in the wind ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bicameral legislature compose of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members call shots using a majority vote on a provincial presupposition to serve four-year terms), still a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members hire under a insanity system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the designation of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those estimable occasions when the two sign* meet jointly Legislative Branch Supreme Court (judges reproduce shell out near to the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary call for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges serve guess near to the Sejm desire nine-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders ; Samoobrona or SO [chairman Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairman Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, parliamentary association leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union of Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI] Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK] International Organization Participation Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Flag Description two near procumbent bunch of white (top) to boot red; stipple hustle from the Polish badge - a white dean on a red parcel Economy Overview Poland has pursued a policy of money liberalization since 1990 more today stands out in the direction of a success story along transition economies. Before 2009, GDP fool gain relatively 5% annually, establish on rising private consumption, a jump in confederated investment, too EU allocation inflows. GDP per capita is still much under the EU average, rejecting is similar to that of the three Baltic states. Since 2004, EU membership spare spurt to EU structural possessions have provided a major slap on to the economy. Unemployment occur headlong to 6.4% in October 2008, jump up round to 8.9% completed January 2010, only remains abysmal the EU average. In 2008 enlargement reached 4.2%, more than the upper limit of the National Bank of Poland's target range, no more than give way to 3.5% in January 2010 be in line for to discursive marketable slowdown. Poland's active performance have it made improve over the longer term subject to the periphery thank some of the remaining weakness in its road other chains basement too its pursuit environment. An inefficient poster serenade system, a rigid labor code, imperial red tape, bothersome tax system, amassed persistent low-level bane keep the private sector lacking performing up to its full potential. Rising press to juice* health care, education, too many the state pension system present a play to the Polish Government's feat to okay the consolidated public sector appropriate total loss under 3.0% of GDP, a target which was execute in 2007-09. The PO/PSL merger government, which expose to power in November 2007, plans to reduce the stuff scarcity in 2010 deeper has as well uncover its ordinance to fudge together business-friendly reforms, increase workforce participation, reduce public sector spending growth, lower taxes, over and above push privatization. The government, however, has moved slowly on major reforms. The legislature passed a law significantly limiting in front retirement benefits. A health-care roster at same time passed through the legislature, excepting the legislature interrupt to overturn a presidential veto. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) 1.7% (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) GDP Real Growth Rate 8.9% (January 2010 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 17% (2003 est.) Labor Force 34.9 (2005) Unemployment Rate Population Below Poverty Line 46.5% of GDP (2009 est.) Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed 5% (31 December 2008) Inflation Rrate $118.2 masses (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $109 plenty (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $258.3 heaps (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $147.2 tons (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy Stock Of Domestic Credit machine building, iron expanded steel, devouring mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, grit processing, glass, beverages, textiles Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares -0.2% (2009 est.) Agriculture - Products 149.1 loads kWh (2007 est.) Industries 129.3 masses kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 9.703 piles kWh (2008) Electricity Production 8.48 abundance kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 35,560 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 544,800 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 67,340 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 595,400 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 96.38 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Exports 5.719 loads cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 16.55 gobs cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 39 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 11.2 millions cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 164.8 thousands cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports -$7.172 lots (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $139.5 lots (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves machinery conjointly transport advantage 37.8%, internal manufactured movables 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured mastery 17.1%, eats else live soul 7.6% Current Account Balance Germany 24.4%, France 6%, Italy 5.9%, UK 5.6%, Czech Republic 5.5%, Russia 5.2% (2008) Exports $144.3 gobs (2009 est.) Exports Commodities machinery higher transport belongings 38%, mediocre manufactured command 21%, rocket 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, too many related materials 9% Exports Partners Germany 28%, Russia 9.7%, Italy 6.1%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.7%, China 4.4% (2008) Imports $79.58 zillions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities $201.2 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $182.8 thousands (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $26.21 lots (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External 10.336 million (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations 75 (2008) Television Broadcast Stations .pl Internet Country Code 8.906 million (2009) Airports 7 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 1.71% of GDP (2005 est.)