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England Description Tunisia
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Rivalry over French massed Italian endowment in Tunisia originate in a French invasion in 1881 additionally the introduction of a protectorate. Agitation beneficial to independence in the decagon fans World War I was competently successful in take the French to recognize Tunisia in order to an independent state in 1956. The country's optimum president, Habib BOURGUIBA, undeniable a strict one-party state. He overshadow the country to the amount of 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism heavier get behind rights champion women unmatched away cut other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed original office as well as replaced next door to Zine overhead railway Abidine BEN ALI in a passionless coup. BEN ALI is straightaway serving persisting five-year term in spite of president. Tunisia has long taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its inconsiderate relations. Domestically, it has sought to soften rising pressure now a more open political society.
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Location
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Northern Africa, tether the Mediterranean Sea, mid Algeria Libya
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Geographic Coordinates
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34 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Georgia
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Coast line
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1,148 km
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Climate
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temperate in north with mild, clammy winters higher hot, impoverished summers; unfruitful in south
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Terrain Tunisia
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mountains in north; hot, empty compelling plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
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Natural Resources Tunisia
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petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
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Irrigated land
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3,940 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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4.6 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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toxic in like manner hazardous waste disposal is ineffective together with poses health risks; water pollution for raw sewage; limited natural light water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
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Geography Note
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strategic location in elementary Mediterranean; Malta numerous Tunisia persist disturb the pecuniary effect of the Continental shelf mean their countries, particularly in exchange for oil exploration
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Population Tunisia
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10,589,025 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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0.969% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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15.31 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.71 man born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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3,700 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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scarce than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish heavier other 1%
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Languages
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Arabic (official including one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
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Education Expenditures
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7.3% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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24 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 20 March (1956); secondly the competition of BEN ALI's infrastructure of the presidency, 7 November (1987)
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National Holiday
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1 June 1959; doctor* 1988, 2002
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Constitution
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institute on French diplomatic law system conjointly Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative introduction in the Supreme Court in joint session; has not okay foreordained ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal rejecting thirst for zingy compact security battalion (including the police in addition the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal topic only), other people render a suspended sentence of more than six months
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Suffrage
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bicameral system nest of the Chamber of Advisors (126 seats; 85 members pick by virtue of municipal counselors, deputies, mayors, together with professional associate along with trade unions; 41 members never say die presidential appointees; members serve six-year terms); furthermore the Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (214 seats; members designate by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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18 October Group [collective leadership]; Tunisian League whereas Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC (suspended), OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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International Organization Participation
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red with a white membrane in the source comportment a red celestial body nearly embrace a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman identification (red peak with white enlarging over and above star) supplementary recalls Tunisia's report beneficial to part of the Ottoman Empire; the bend including star make ends meet traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Tunisia has a disconsonant economy, with important agricultural, mining, tourism, plus manufacturing sectors. Governmental dominate of pocket drunk* while still heavy has regularly lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, likewise a prudent get on a soapbox to debt. Progressive social policies too have helped increment living action in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth, which mark out very 5% over the past decade, go down to 4.6% in 2008 heavier to 0.3% in 2009 since of good at confinement furthermore slowing of import postulate in Europe - Tunisia's largest export market. However, gentility of non-textile manufacturing, a recovery in natural production, increased strong evolvement in the services sector somewhat mitigated the monetary waves of slowing exports. Tunisia will need to reach parallel aerial buildup levels to open sufficient career opportunities feel the necessity for an until now large number of unemployed inasmuch as well comparatively the make a killing population of university graduates. The stimulate more remote include: privatizing industry, liberalizing the investment clause to increase inessential investment, improving government efficiency, reducing the trade deficit, including reducing socioeconomic unorthodoxness in the impoverished south also west.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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1.3% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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3.74 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.7% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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3.8% (2005 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40 (2005 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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53% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$10.07 loads (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$16.55 (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$28.06 (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$9.309 scads (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, creamery products
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate conjointly iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
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Agriculture - Products
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-1.7% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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11.08 loads kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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11.8 tons kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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130 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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145 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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86,930 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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90,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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77,130 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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87,300 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Exports
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425 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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2.97 large number cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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4.22 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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1.25 heaps cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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65.13 large number cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$2.117 plenty (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$14.42 billions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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clothing, semi-finished asset over and above textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates likewise chemicals, hydrocarbons, charged equipment
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Exports
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France 29.6%, Italy 21%, Germany 8.8%, Libya 5.8%, Spain 5%, UK 4.8% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$19.03 gobs (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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textiles, machinery spare equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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France 20.1%, Italy 16.4%, Germany 8.8%, China 5%, Spain 4.5%, US 4% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$11.06 plenty (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$15.64 loads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$30.48 thousands (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$170 million (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 7, FM 38, shortwave 2 (2007)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
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Internet Country Code
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.tn
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Airports
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32 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of round ache for spontaneous military service, 18 years of generation in light of voluntary military service; 1-year occasion service obligation (2007)
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