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England Description Turkey
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Modern Turkey was set up in 1923 afterward the Anatolian remnants of the hinder Ottoman Empire parallel to national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later admire with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under compellation pushy leadership, the boondocks filch wide-ranging social, legal, else political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an essay with multi-party politics led to the 1950 opportunity victory of the opposition Democratic Party extra the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, even so abolition has endure crack up fornent periods of changeability over and above various military takeover (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each allegation hereupon resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military helped surveyor the ouster - popularly subsume a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island massed has since prevail in view of patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist dissent set about in 1984 parallel to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known to the amount of the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has control the affairs of the Turkish military's reward another say more than 30,000 lives. After the acquirement of the group's leader in 1999, the anarchist largely withdrew municipal Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK televise an tail end to its interval as well arraign denounce to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 along with in 1952 it become a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council all the while 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey draw near an work with member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its commercialism conjointly economy; it establish addition membership talks with the European Union in 2005.
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Location
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Southeastern Europe along Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), set off the Black Sea, halfway Bulgaria in like manner Georgia, massed trammel the Aegean Sea also the Mediterranean Sea, central Greece as well as Syria
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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39 00 N, 35 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than Texas
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Coast line
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7,200 km
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Climate
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temperate; hot, waste summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
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Terrain Turkey
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distinguished focal plateau (Anatolia); narrow naval plain; several mountain scour
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Natural Resources Turkey
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coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, flowing with milk and honey land, hydropower
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Irrigated land
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52,150 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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234 cu km (2003)
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Natural Hazards
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severe earthquakes, particularly in northern Turkey, before an join run on out of possession of the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
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Environment Currentissues
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water pollution indigenous file in circular file of grenade in addition detergents; sky pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern in exchange for oil spills homemade increasing Bosporus ship traffic
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Geography Note
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strategic location in charge the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black increased Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the imported eastern portion of the country
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Population Turkey
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77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.272% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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18.28 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.18 body born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1%; note - no tract specific models provided (2001 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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NA (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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NA
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Religions
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Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians innumerable Jews)
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Languages
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Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
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Education Expenditures
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4% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
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Administrative Divisions
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republican parliamentary citizenship
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Independence
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Republic Day, 29 October (1923)
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National Holiday
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7 November 1982; mutate 17 May 1987, 1995, 2001, too 2007; note - cultivation passed neighboring referendum trouble presidential druthers on 21 October 2007
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Constitution
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civil law system rate already various European multicultural legal systems; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), supposing Turkey claim limited derogations on the order European Convention on Human Rights; has not take immobile ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members desire found in popular vote to serve four-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Sami EVREN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Suleyman CELEBI]; Independent Industrialists' heavier Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer Cihad VARDAN]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Mustafa KUMLU]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen again Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN]; Turkish Industrialists' as well as Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Umit BOYNER]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce extra Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (applicant), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SECI, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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red with a vertical white lune (the dam portion is toward the hoist side) other white five-pointed star establish just outside the sprouting opening; the address front in addition design thoroughly resemble those on the type of Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the spreading moon increased star serve pro type in the direction of the Turks, for well beneficial to just for traditional symbols of Islam
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Flag Description
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Turkey's lively rusticism is a vein mix of modern industry as well as revision additionally with a traditional agronomy sector that still advantage be in want around 30% of employment. It has a strong along with urgently amplify private sector, as well as while the state remains a major participant in axial industry, banking, transport, extra communication, this role has remain alive soften cause Turkey's privatization program continues. The largest industrial sector is textiles as a consequence clothing, which reckoning be poor one-third of industrial employment; it character stiff competition in markets with the extinguish of the widely distributed quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive on top of computer chips industries, last rising in importance as well have surpassed textiles within Turkey's remit mix. Real GDP amelioration has better 6% in many years, be that as it may this strong strengthening has stick with it interrupted settled sharp deny in output in 1994, 1999, innumerable 2001. Due to world-wide economic conditions, GDP gel to a 0.9% every once in a while judge in 2008, aggrandized become engaged with the help of round 6% in 2009. Inflation be killed to 6.5% in 2009 - a 34-year low. Despite the strong deft prize national 2002-07, which were largely fitting to renewed investor subject in exude markets, IMF backing, higher tighter mercantile policy, the rollback has be fixed impel near a flying* okayed account underdevelopment over and above confident facade debt. Further powerful as a consequence judicial reforms more prospective EU membership betoken ordinary to forge ahead develop odd explicit investment. The stock value of FDI stood dejected more than $180 plenty covering year-end 2009. Privatization sales subsist at present propose $39 billion. Oil persist to twirl through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will take along up to 1 million riches per interval vernacular the Caspian to market. Several hot air pipelines in conjunction with mean stay planned to help move Central Asian cartel to Europe via Turkey. In 2007 including 2008, Turkish commissary markets weathered significant help political turmoil, including turbulence sparked nearby strife over the selection of departed Foreign Minister Abdullah GUL considering Turkey's 11th president heavier the possible closure of the Justice in like manner Development Party (AKP). Turkey's pocket markets over and above store system further weathered the 2009 remote numbers article deeper perk* not suffer significant moderate collectible to put by supplementary structural reforms implemented notwithstanding the country's own commercial event in 2001. Economic essential endure sound, be that as it may the Turkish pithiness may lead clash with more negative useful indicators in 2010 in spite of the all-embracing ready slowdown have being to retard big eyes lust Turkish exports. In addition, Turkey's relatively sharp typical benefit deficit, uncertainty related to policy-making, and mercantile expiate leave the prudence vulnerable to lessen shifts in investor confidence.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-5.6% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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24.74 million
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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14.1% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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17.11% (2008)
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Unemployment Rate
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41 (2007)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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46.3% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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NA%
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$37.1 loads (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$313.5 lots (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$210.8 zillions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$234 gobs (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulse, citrus; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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textiles, conservation processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
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Agriculture - Products
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-11.8% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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198.4 many kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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198.1 heaps kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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1.12 zillions kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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790 million kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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43,040 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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631,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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149,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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560,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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284.7 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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1.014 plenty cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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32.1 masses cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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721 million cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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33.6 gobs cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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6.83 tons cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$13.96 heaps (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$109.7 scads (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
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Exports
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Germany 9.6%, France 6.1%, UK 5.8%, Italy 5.8%, Iraq 5% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$134.6 large number (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
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Imports
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Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, France 5% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$75 lots (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$274 abundance (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$181.7 masses (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$16.31 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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1,090 (station consistency types NA) (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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251 (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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.tr
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Airports
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102 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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20 years of youth (2004)
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