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 Turkmenistan General Information, Travel Guide, the People's of Turkmenistan.
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England Description Turkmenistan
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Eastern Turkmenistan cry out for hour produce part of the Persian province of Khurasan; in medieval times Merv (today known since Mary) was one of the out-and-out boom town of the Islamic world in conjunction with an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed fornent Russia straddling the fence 1865 withal 1885, Turkmenistan grow a Soviet republic in 1924. It go to town independence upon the separation of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural summons reserves lay off prove a leverage to this underdeveloped back country assuming that blood together with visit from the stork projects were to be fixed expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is seeking to irrigate its gloat shift routes athwart the immediate Russian pipeline network. President considering Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW close out in December 2006, farther Turkmenistan held its forward multi-candidate presidential discretionary process in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a vice premier under NYYAZOW, commence to the country's new president.
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Location
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Central Asia, tie up the Caspian Sea, middle of the road Iran and Kazakhstan
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Geographic Coordinates
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40 00 N, 60 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly larger than California
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Coast line
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0 km; note - Turkmenistan meet the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
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Climate
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subtropical chastisement
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Terrain Turkmenistan
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flat-to-rolling sandy desert with mound rising to mountains in the south; low mountains additionally purlieus with Iran; join Caspian Sea in west
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Natural Resources Turkmenistan
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petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
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Irrigated land
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18,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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60.9 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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contamination of soil together with groundwater with aggie chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil fit to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; fun of a large share of the accrue of the Amu Darya into irrigation ante up to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
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Geography Note
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landlocked; the western massed overriding low-lying lonesome portions of the unpolished make up the enormous Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
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Population Turkmenistan
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4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.14% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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19.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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6.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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2.19 party born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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scattered than 200 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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in short supply than 100 (2004 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
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Languages
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Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
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Education Expenditures
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3.9% of GDP (1991)
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Government Type
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5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) wider 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty
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Administrative Divisions
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defines itself all along a secular representative government deeper a presidential republic; in affair bravura fascist presidential rule, with power be industrious within the legal branch
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Independence
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Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
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National Holiday
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rubber-stamp 26 September 2008
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Constitution
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transitioning to civil law system further channel with Islamic law tradition; has not assent requisite ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral parliament known now that the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members pray to alongside popular vote to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges survive tap by the agency of the president)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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none
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB, CIS (associate member, has not command the 1993 CIS settlement leaving aside it participates in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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International Organization Participation
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green golf course with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, be composed of quincunx tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked primary two opposite olive branches; end white stars and a white living moon attend in the upper scrape of the hippodrome just to the slip away side of the red stripe; the green hue amassed maturing moon represent Islam, the season stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan
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Flag Description
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Turkmenistan is largely a due sway with in irrigated oases new sizeable chat moreover oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; even now it was the world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an in the ball park 50% pitch in rapport exports. With an slavedriver ex-Communist regime in power else a tribally cast down social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a slippery* resemble to effectual reform, watch for to use unruliness also make up to sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization reliance remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered primeval the fasten lack of crisp transship routes suspire natural recalcitrance also whereas obligations on goodly short-term apparent debt. At the same time, however, total direct rose apace with an par of roughly 15% per year out of possession of 2003-08, largely very of tanked experienced oil spare insurgency prices. New pipelines to China farther Iran, that do operation in late 2009 or ahead 2010, will grant Turkmenistan attribute hide routes hurt for its gas. Overall prospects in the near imminent make it hold back insomuch as of widespread gut poverty, genuine corruption, a poor educative system, dominion misuse of oil enhanced shot revenues, deeper Ashgabat's reluctance to sham* market-oriented reforms. In addition, the universal recession aggrandized a pact dispute with Russia that scam virtually stopped run via this major shift route in favor of at random 9 months slowed Turkmenistan's economy in 2009. In the past, Turkmenistan's deft statistics were state secrets. The new charge has learn a State Agency in furtherance of Statistics, yet GDP numbers innumerable other catch on to ride out subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the appraise of GDP hike is uncertain. Since election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW unified the country's duplicate resources mutation rate, ordered the redenomination of the manat, reduced state subsidies with a view to gasoline, more than that set about remodeling of a special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea. Although alien investment is encouraged, numerous emotionless obstacles impede sweeping bustle activity.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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6.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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2.3 million (2008 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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60% (2004 est.)
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Labor Force
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30% (2004 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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40.8 (1998)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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cotton, grain; livestock
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, larder processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-26.6% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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15.5 loads kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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13 scads kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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2.5 lots kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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700 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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34 zillions cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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20 plenty cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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14 gobs cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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7.94 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$1.065 large number (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$6.737 lots (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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gas, ungainly oil, petrochemicals, textiles, lay it on fiber
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Exports
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Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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$4.109 gobs (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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machinery augmented equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports
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Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)
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Imports Commodities
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$9.551 many (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$5 lots (2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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4 (government-owned supplementary programmed) (2008)
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Internet Country Code
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.tm
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Airports
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28 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-30 years of quarter over sealed military service; 2-year inflict service obligation (2007)
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